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Image 3 Part 1: The Rock Cycle and Erosion The Rock cycle is a continuous dynamic process (See Diagram 1) that creates rock from magma in the Earth’s mantle, and changes the rock (Unknown, 2007) into 1 of 3 categories by cooling, heating, pressure or weathering and erosion (University, 2004). They are then destroyed by these forces and are re- formed to create new rock and the cycle begins again. Rock can be categorised as either: Igneous Rocks: are either intrusive or extrusive. Intrusive igneous rock, is formed when magma slowly rises from the mantle to the crust of the Earth (Harman, 2005). It gradually cools and hardens containing large interlocking crystals (Whalley, Phillips, Rickard, Monckton, & Roberson., 2004). Extrusive Igneous rock is formed, for example when a volcano erupts and lava (magma) rises above the Earth’s surface and cools quic kly (Whalley, Phillips, Rickard, Monckton, & Roberson., 2004). Therefore the crystals are small or non- existent (Whalley, Phillips, Rickard, Monckton, & Roberson., 2004) Sedimentary Rocks: are formed from weathered and eroded material called sediment (University, 2004). Over millions of years sediment is deposited in layers, called beds and are compacted and cemented together by heat and pressure (Harman, 2005) Metamorphic rocks: are formed when extreme heat and pressure changes igneous or sedimentary rock (Harman, 2005) The Rock Cycle in Action The Devil’s Marbles (See Image 2), in the Northern Territory are Intrusive Igneous rocks. This occurs when magma rises from the mantle, is cooled and formes granite. The pluton ( body of intrusive igneous rock), because of weathering and erosion, splits into rectangular blocks allowing water to penetrate along the plains, weathering the blocks further (Lech & Trewin, Unknown). The corners of the boulders and the surface soil is eroded away and reveals the rounded boulders we see today (Lech & Trewin, Unknown) . The Bungle Bungles (See Image 3), are located in Purnululu National Park. The sandstone that makes up the beehives was formed when braided rivers deposited layers of sand and gravel into a shallow depression (Lech & Trewin, Unknown, pp. 24, 25, 27). These sediments were from the erosion of an ancient mountain range. Over millions of years the layers of sediment were loosely cemented into rock. The landscape began to erode the joints in the rock. Creeks and rivers carved out gorges and the beehives (Bungle Bungles) were formed (Lech & Trewin, Unknown, p. 27) . The Twelve Apostles are a collection of limestone stacks off the shores of Port Campbell. Over millions of years, skeletons of marine animals were deposited on the sea floor. Thick layer of skeletons were cemented together to form limestone rock (Lech & Trewin, Unknown, p. 22). Most of the limestone which was covered in water was exposed to air and weathering and erosion began. The attack of waves wore away the soft limestone and was sculpturing vertical cliffs (See Diagram 4) (Lech & Trewin, Unknown). Diagram 1 Image 2 Diagram 4
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