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POJ 2013:5(2) 49-56 50 Material and Methods Cross sectional study was conducted from July 2010 to July 2011 at the Aga Khan University and Hospital, Karachi. All subjects were divided in two groups, Class I and Class II, based on Angles classification of malocclusion. Data were obtained from pre- treatment dental casts of 100 patients, Class I, 49 subjects (17 males, 32 females) and Class II, 51 subjects (14 males, 37 females) with an age range of 9.6 to 44 years. Informed consent was taken from patients for study who visited the orthodontic clinic from June 2004 to July 2011. Antimeric pairs of the maxillary and mandibular permanent central incisors, canines and first molars were measured in mesiodistal and faciolingual crown dimensions in subjects with Class I and Class II malocclusion. Data collection was done by using non-probability purposive sampling technique with inclusion criteria being; subjects of Pakistani origin, having permanent dentition, fully erupted central incisors, canines and first molars. The exclusion criteria were presence of craniofacial anomalies, congenitally missing teeth and previous orthodontic, restorative, or prosthetic procedures. Patients having cleft lip and palate were not included as the presence of a unilateral cleft lip and palate has been associated with a decrease in tooth size on the affected side of the dental arch. Criteria for selection of the study casts included the requirement of the presence of well-defined margins of all teeth to be measured. This would allow us adequate access for the beaks of the digital vernier caliper. Carious, worn or fractured teeth were also excluded. All measurements were done by the principal investigator on study casts using sliding digital vernier caliper (0-150 mm ME 00183, Dentaurm, Pforzheim, Germany) with an accuracy of ±0.02 mm and repeatability of ±0.01 mm (manufacturer specification). Mesiodistal dimension of selected pairs of teeth was measured between contact points of a tooth in normocclusion whereas; faciolingual dimension was measured as maximum breadth of the tooth perpendicular to the mesiodistal dimension at the gingival margin. Measurements were taken perpendicular to the long axis of the tooth, with digital caliper entering the interproximal area from either the facial or the occlusal side. Data analysis was done by using SPSS for windows Version 16.0 (SPSS Inc. Chicago, IL). Paired sample t – test was used to assess fluctuating asymmetry in both the jaws in Class I and Class II malocclusion. Independent t-test was done to assess gender dimorphism. P value equal to or less than 0.05 was taken as statistically significant. In order to establish the degree of reproducibility, 10 casts were randomly selected by lottery method, which were re- assessed after two months by the principal investigator. Bland Altman technique 6 was used to assess the intra-examiner reliability for the measurements done in this study. Results The sample consisted of 100 dental casts (31 males with average age of 18.40±6.24 and 69 females with average age of 18.84±7.29 years). Mean age and gender distribution of the patients included in the study are shown in Table I. Table I: Mean age and gender distribution Gender Mean age Years ± SD Minimum age Years Maximum age Years Males (n=31) 18.40 ± 6.24 11 36 Females (n=69) 18.84 ± 7.29 9.67 44
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