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798 JOURNALOFFORENSICSCIENCES condition,on22Feb.1996,revealedfivepupariaandsixpostfeed- ing,slightlydarkenedlarvae(startingtopupate)oftheblowfly Calliphoravomitoria L INNE ´ underamatnearthebalconysituated underthevacantflat.Intheflatofthedeceasedthefollowingwere found:( a )threedeadandonefebrileweakadultgreen-metallic Luciliacaesar L INNE ´ ,eachof7mminlength,inthebedroomand inthebathroom,( b )fourpupariaof Calliphoraspec. R OBINEAU - D ESVOIDY behindunremovablefloorledges,and( c )fourfebrile adult Luciliacaesar L.sittingincracksintheconcreteofthe balcony.UptoJune1996,deadadultfliesbutnootherarthropods werefoundoccasionallyinthevacantflat. Theunusualappearanceoftwoblowflyspecieswhichshould havebeenkilledbypyrethrummaybeexplainedbyarapid decreaseoftemperaturewhichstartedsixdaysbeforedisinfection andreacheditsmaximumthedaybeforethecorpsewasfound (Fig.3).Supposedly,femaleflieslaidtheireggsonthecorpse inmid-September.Whilemanyeggscoulddevelop,temperatures decreasedandfromthebeginningofNovembermanymaggots startedtosearchforsecureplacesinwhichtodiapause.Thisbehav- iorischaracteristicofmanyinsectsunderunfavorableconditions, especiallyatlowtemperatures(e.g.,3).Forthatreason,Pyrethrum didnotreachthehiddenandnearlylifelessmaggots.Afterrenova- tion,thecaretakermaintainedtheemptyflatataround14 C.This temperatureallowedpupationandhatchingofsomeflies;however, mainlyduetolowtemperaturesinwintertheycouldnotflyaway (1,3,34–40).Inthelaboratory(roomtemperature22 C),theindi- vidualswhichwerecaughtintheflatshowedanormalflying behavior. Twofactssupporttheideathatmaggotsoriginatedfromthe corpse,andhidbothbehindverticalfloorledgesandincracksafew daysbeforedisinfectionbecauseofasuddendropintemperature. FIG.1— Viewintothebathroomofaflatsituatedonefloorbeneatha flatinwhichacorpsehadbeenfoundthreemonthsearlier(case1). Firstly,nocadaversorskeletonswerefoundanywhereinthesur- roundings,includingdrains.Secondly,maggots,pupaeandflies ofthepredominantcarrionfeedingspeciesinColognewereexclu- sivelyfoundinroomswhichwerelocatedtowardsthenorth(where thewomandied)butnotinroomsatthesunny,warmersouth sideofbothflats.Duetothecontinuouslylowtemperaturesand poisonedsurroundingsthepost-feedinglarvaefinallydeveloped slowlybutconstantly(withoutfeedinganymore)intosmalladults overaperiodofsixtoeightmonths(shrunkenabdomen;60%of normalbodylength—forvariationofbodylengthof Luciliacaesar seeRef41,for Calliphora seeRef42).Aprolongeddevelopment atlowtemperaturesbuttogetherwithenoughfoodwouldhaveled to larger specimens(43). Case2:CheeseSkipperLarvaeonHeroinAddict A38-year-oldknownheroinusercommitedsuicideattheend ofNovember1995bylayingherneckonarailinthepathofthe wheelsofamovingtrain.Thecorpsewasfoundunderfoliagein shrubberynearthetrackswhichrunthroughthecity.Thesoft FIG.2— Incase1,blowflylarvaewerereportedtosqueezethemselves partsofthetrunkwerereducedtoagreasymash.Organsofthe throughabathroompartitionwallmadeofplaster.Notetheadhesivetape whichwasthoughttopreventlarvaefromenteringtheroom. abdominalcavityandthechestwerecompletelydisintegrated(Fig. 4).Asmallamountofdecayedtissuewasfoundadheringtothe pelvisandtheextremities.Ashockofhairmeasuring35 20 cm(14 8in.)wasfoundneartheskeletonizedskull.Afirst buildingreportedthatforthepastthreemonthsmaggotswere foundinhers,andinanotheroccupiedflat(Fig.1).Maggotswereestimateledtoapostmortemintervalof2to3months.Thebody waswearingjeanswhichwerestillingoodcondition. reportedsqueezingthemselvesthroughabathroompartitionwall madeofplaster(Fig.2)andcollectingunderamatnearthebal-Intheautopsyroom,withinthedecomposedmush,butalsoon theuncoveredbones,massesofyellowpiophilidlarvaeof8mm cony.Furthermore,thecaretakercollecteduptotendeadgreen fliesperweekinthevacantflatofthedeceased.insizecouldbeobserved,increasingto50cminheightor10cm asideformorethanfivehoursat17 C.Ontopoftheleatherydried Aninspectionoftheflats,whichwereallinacleanandproper
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